Chapter 30: The Making of Industrial Society pgs. 836-843
Global Effects of Industrializaion
started as British, Western Europe and N American affair
Russia and Japan industrailizing in late 19 cent
Many lands with natural resources became oriented with exporting them, had little control over trade because represntatives of industrial contries dominated trade commercial and financialy
some societies traditional industries and local economies where damaged with large amount of cheep foriegn goods
The Continuing Spread of Industialization
Industrialization
industry brought economic and military power
1870 Russia and japan start industrializing with government support
wanted to strengthen societies against military and economic powers of U.S and western Europe
Russia
used railroads to link empire and promote industrialization
went from 1860 1,100 km to 1900-58,0000 biggest being trans-Siberian line ( 1891-1904) over 9,000km
stimulate coal, iron and steel industry + commercial link with East Asia
Count Sergi Witte as finance minister ( 1892-1903) help boost industrialization
oversaw railroads, reform commercial law, protect new industries, support steamships, and promote nautical + engineering schools, encourage foreign investors, establish savings banks
by 1900 produced 1/2 worlds oil + fourth ranked steel production, big coal + iron, gov's need of weapons support huge armaments industry
Japan
1. government hired thousands of foreign experts to instruct Japanese workers and managers to teach the techniques of modern industry
2. modernized iron foundries and dockyards established during the Tokugawa shogunate, founded new businesses, and opened schools and universities that specialized in scientific and technical fields 3. government support was responsible for the construction of railroads, the opening of mines, the organization of banking systems, and the establishment of mechanized industries producing ships, armaments, silk, cotton, chemicals, and glass 4. when businesses were able to operate on their own, the government sold them to private entrepreneurs, who often built huge industrial empires known as zaibatsu (wealthy cliques)- zaibatsu were similar to trusts and cartels that emerged in 19th century Europe and US but they most commonly operated around a single family 5. Zaibatsu usually operated and controlled companies in several industries. 6. by 1900 Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia and it was poised for dramatic economic and industrial expansion by the 20th century (because of active government encouragement and the organization of large-scale enterprises that operated efficiently)
The International Division of Labor 1. Industrialization A. (Before the mid-twentieth century) Industrialization had little success outside of Europe, North America, and Japan. 2.Demand for Raw Materials A. Industrialization increased the demand for raw materials. B. Raw materials included minerals and agricultural products. C. Nonindustrialized societies became suppliers of raw materials. (Examples: Cotton came from India and Egypt; Rubber came from Brazil, Malaya, and the Congo River basin). D. The natural resources and agricultural products of Africa, the Americas, Australia, and eastern Europe were needed by British, European, United States industrialists. 3.Economic Development A. Economic development was better in the lands colonized by Europe. B. Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand were later industrialized. C. Specilization on and production of a few primary goods brought economic growth to industrial societies. D. Industrial societies were often high-wage economies. E. High-wage economies created flourishing markets and encouraged the invention of technologies that would decrease the number of laborers required. 4. Economic Dependency A. Latin Ameican, Sub-Saharan African, and south and southeast Asian lands exported primary crops(Examples: sugar, cotton, and rubber). B. Foreign owners set up plantations that produced these crops. C. Profits of the crops went all over the world. D. Workers on plantations received low wages. E. Free-trade policies were adopted, which allowed unrestricted entry of foreign manufacturers. F. The policies continued industrialization in foreign lands, but limited industrialization for native peoples. G. They also increased the amount of trade by sea and land.
Tomioka silk factory
Time line 1730-1795 Life of josiah wedgewood 1733 John Kay develops flying shuttle 1765 James Watt patents an improved steam engine 1765-1825 Life of Eli Whitney 1779 Samuel Crompton develops the spinning mule 1785 Edmund Cartwright develops the power loom 1797 Eli Whitney introduces interchangeeable parts of the manufacturing process 1829 George Stephenson's locomotive, the rocket attains a speed of 45 kilometers per hour 1832 Reform bill expands electoral House of Commons 1833 Factory Act restricts employment of women and children in textile factories 1842 Mines Act restricts employment of women and children in mines 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles publish Manifesto of the communist party 1849-1915 Life of Sergei Witte 1851 Crystal Palace exhibition in London 1856 Bessemer converter developed 1913 Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to the manufacture of automobiles
Global Effects of Industrializaion
- started as British, Western Europe and N American affair
- Russia and Japan industrailizing in late 19 cent
- Many lands with natural resources became oriented with exporting them, had little control over trade because represntatives of industrial contries dominated trade commercial and financialy
- some societies traditional industries and local economies where damaged with large amount of cheep foriegn goods
The Continuing Spread of Industialization1. government hired thousands of foreign experts to instruct Japanese workers and managers to teach the techniques of modern industry
2. modernized iron foundries and dockyards established during the Tokugawa shogunate, founded new businesses, and opened schools and universities that specialized in scientific and technical fields 3. government support was responsible for the construction of railroads, the opening of mines, the organization of banking systems, and the establishment of mechanized industries producing ships, armaments, silk, cotton, chemicals, and glass 4. when businesses were able to operate on their own, the government sold them to private entrepreneurs, who often built huge industrial empires known as zaibatsu (wealthy cliques)- zaibatsu were similar to trusts and cartels that emerged in 19th century Europe and US but they most commonly operated around a single family 5. Zaibatsu usually operated and controlled companies in several industries. 6. by 1900 Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia and it was poised for dramatic economic and industrial expansion by the 20th century (because of active government encouragement and the organization of large-scale enterprises that operated efficiently)
The International Division of Labor
1. Industrialization
A. (Before the mid-twentieth century) Industrialization had little success outside of Europe, North America, and Japan.
2.Demand for Raw Materials
A. Industrialization increased the demand for raw materials.
B. Raw materials included minerals and agricultural products.
C. Nonindustrialized societies became suppliers of raw materials. (Examples: Cotton came from India and Egypt; Rubber came from Brazil, Malaya, and the Congo River basin).
D. The natural resources and agricultural products of Africa, the Americas, Australia, and eastern Europe were needed by British, European, United States industrialists.
3.Economic Development
A. Economic development was better in the lands colonized by Europe.
B. Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand were later industrialized.
C. Specilization on and production of a few primary goods brought economic growth to industrial societies.
D. Industrial societies were often high-wage economies.
E. High-wage economies created flourishing markets and encouraged the invention of technologies that would decrease the number of laborers required.
4. Economic Dependency
A. Latin Ameican, Sub-Saharan African, and south and southeast Asian lands exported primary crops(Examples: sugar, cotton, and rubber).
B. Foreign owners set up plantations that produced these crops.
C. Profits of the crops went all over the world.
D. Workers on plantations received low wages.
E. Free-trade policies were adopted, which allowed unrestricted entry of foreign manufacturers.
F. The policies continued industrialization in foreign lands, but limited industrialization for native peoples.
G. They also increased the amount of trade by sea and land.
Time line
1730-1795 Life of josiah wedgewood
1733 John Kay develops flying shuttle
1765 James Watt patents an improved steam engine
1765-1825 Life of Eli Whitney
1779 Samuel Crompton develops the spinning mule
1785 Edmund Cartwright develops the power loom
1797 Eli Whitney introduces interchangeeable parts of the manufacturing process
1829 George Stephenson's locomotive, the rocket attains a speed of 45 kilometers per hour
1832 Reform bill expands electoral House of Commons
1833 Factory Act restricts employment of women and children in textile factories
1842 Mines Act restricts employment of women and children in mines
1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles publish Manifesto of the communist party
1849-1915 Life of Sergei Witte
1851 Crystal Palace exhibition in London
1856 Bessemer converter developed
1913 Henry Ford introduces the assembly line to the manufacture of automobiles